Abstract: This paper presents a risk assessment model suitable for predicting an upper bound on the probability of failure of an electronic system installed inside a vehicle that is irradiated ...
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Where \(X\) is a normally distributed random variable with mean \(\mu\) and standard deviation \(\sigma\). The peak of the curve occurs at \(x=\mu\), and the spread ...
Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...
Life is uncertain. None of us know what is going to happen. We know little of what has happened in the past or is happening now outside our immediate experience. Uncertainty has been called the ...
Introduction: Infection with liver flukes (Opisthorchis viverrini) is partly attributed to their ability to thrive in sub-basin habitats, causing the intermediate host to remain within the watershed ...
Future events are far from certain in the business world. This is especially true for smaller businesses, which tend to have more volatility than larger organizations, or newer businesses without a ...
Forecasting for any small business involves guesswork. You know your business and its past performance, but you may not be comfortable predicting the future. Using Excel is a great way to perform what ...
Probability Distribution Notes: Probability is a fundamental aspect of mathematics that helps us understand and quantify uncertainty. Mastery of this subject is essential for students, as it has ...
Abstract: This paper proposes an estimation of particle swarm distribution algorithm (EPSDA) to solve the nonlinear bilevel programming problem (NBLP) by embedding the estimation distribution ...
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