Abstract: Stochastic processes (SPs) are widely used in many real-world fields, especially AI algorithms and models. A discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) is a fundamental SP where the probability of ...

Abstract: In free-space optical communication systems, the fluctuation of light intensity caused by atmospheric turbulence is the main factor affecting the bit error ...

Researchers have developed a fiber neural network system that performs intelligent processing of optical communication signals directly in the light domain. This approach integrates optical ...

Over the past decades, engineers have introduced numerous technologies that rely on light and its underlying characteristics. These include photonic and quantum systems that could advance imaging, ...