The graph colouring problem, a classic NP-hard challenge, is central to many practical applications such as scheduling, resource allocation and network management. Recent advances have seen the ...

The study of graph colouring has long been a central topic in discrete mathematics, with a prominent focus on optimising the assignment of labels or colours to vertices such that adjacent vertices are ...

Whereas the Executive and Legislative branches are elected by the people, members of the Judicial Branch are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Article III of the Constitution, ...

Established by Article I of the Constitution, the Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress. The Constitution grants ...