In 1813, Napoleon's failed campaign against Russia led to a coup d'état in Paris, France. Prussia and Austria then invaded France. Among the troops guarding Paris at the time was Sadie Carnot.

One famous limit of thermodynamics is that heat engines, like steam engines and internal combustion engines, must be less efficient than a Carnot heat engine (a heat engine cycle designed by French ...

IN a paper on Carnot's Cycle and the Efficiency of Heat Engines, reported in NATURE, August 29, Dr. J. S. Haldane comes to the astonishing conclusion that “the Carnot cycle is radically in efficient” ...

THE cycle proposed by Dr. J. S. Haldane (NATURE, August 29, p. 326) as a standard of comparison for steam engine performance can be shown quite readily on a temperature-entropy chart, and thus be ...